The Inca tern: The "mustachioed" symbol of South America

This remarkable bird, inhabiting the cliffs and islands along the Pacific coast, immediately captures attention with its unusual appearance. The Inca tern (Larosterna inca) is found exclusively in the coastal regions of Peru, Chile, and Ecuador. The species was named in honor of the great Inca Empire that once flourished in these lands. Its scientific name is a combination of the Latin words larus (gull) and sterna (tern).

The bird's primary distinguishing feature is the elegant tufts of white feathers that resemble dashing, curled moustaches. These appear on both sides of the beak by the time the young birds reach their first year. Against the backdrop of dark grey plumage, the vibrant orange-red legs and beak stand out, creating a striking and memorable contrast.

Inca terns are magnificent hunters. In pursuit of small fish, they are capable of diving rapidly to depths of up to one meter. Weighing between 190 and 230 grams with a body length of about 40 centimeters, these birds possess extraordinary endurance. The webbing between their toes allows them to not only feel confident in the sky but also to swim for long periods in the open ocean. Notably, as the birds age, their plumage becomes increasingly dark and rich in color.

Unlike many of their relatives, the Inca tern is a non-migratory species. They are highly social creatures; while foraging, they gather in enormous flocks that can exceed five thousand individuals. They nest in rock crevices, on beaches, or in thick shrubs, breeding twice a year—from April to July and from October to December. The incubation process for one or two eggs takes an average of 24–27 days.

Today, the global population is estimated at approximately 150,000 individuals. Although the species is not currently facing immediate extinction, ecologists are expressing concern. The mass fishing of anchovies, which form the staple of the birds' diet, is increasingly leading to a shortage of food for these unique coastal inhabitants.